LOUIS PASTEUR

     Louis Pasteur(1822-1895) is known as "the Father of Modern Microbiology." He is a chemistry professor in France. Microbiology developed as scientific disciple from his era. He is known for his major contributions as follows:

• Pasteur discovered the Fermentation process for food preservation.
• He developed various Sterilization technologies like steam sterilizer, hot air oven and autoclave.
• He disproved Needham's theory of Spontaneous generation of disease and proposed Germ theory of Disease.
• His one of the main contribution is that the development of Pasteurization method, a sterilization method to preserve milk which has been used till now by food and beverage industry.
• He introduced Liquid media concept: microorganisms are grown in a Nutrient broth.
• He discovered process of attenuation, when anthrax bacilli incubated at higher temperatures lost their pathogenic property, thus when inoculating these strain in an animal induced specific protection against the disease.
• He succeeded at immunisation of sheep, goats and cows against anthrax bacilli.
• Pasteur coined the term "Vaccine" and developed vaccines against fowl cholera, anthrax and rabies.
• He was the founder of Pasteur Institute, Paris.